MESOPOTAMIA

You can find some great  Mesopotamia links on Providence College's  CivWeb.  You might find particularly interesting the Code of Hammurabi.

I. SUMER (3000-2000 B.C.)


A. Physical Security (engineering, government, sexegesimal system, canals, walls, mathematics, trade, CUNEIFORM)

B. Ethical Guidance

1. written law
2. literature (ex. Sumerian proverbs)
3. education

C. Emotional Fulfillment

1. religion
a. myths (An, Ki, Enlil)
b. rituals
c. ziggurats

D. Problems
1. natural disaster/invasion?
2. war between city-states
3. increased power of ruler (ensi transformed to lugal)
E. Creation of first empire (Sargon of Akkad)
F. Pattern of Mesopotamian collapse: tyrannical rule/revolt/invasion
G. End of Sumerian phase of Mesop. civ: Amorite invasion

II. BABYLONIANS (2000-1550 B.C.)


A. Achievements of Hammurabi


B. Improvements on Sumer

1. law (Code of Hammurabi)
2. astronomy
3. math
4. literature (EPIC OF GILGAMESH)
5. religion (Marduk)
C. End of Babylon, Hittite/Kassite invasion

III. ASSYRIANS (1000-612 B.C.)


A. Assyrian neighbors (Horites, Mittani, Hittites, Aramaeans)


B. Result of constant warfare

1. technology
2. science
3. trade
4. religion
5. law
6. use of terror

C. Collapse of Assyria


IV. CHALDAEANS (612-536 B.C.)

A. NEBUCHADNEZZAR/ Attempt to restore Babylonian greatness

1. Babylon again capitol
2. Hanging Gardens
3. restoration of Babylonian religion

B. Obstacles to restoration

1. pessimism of people/Astral Religion
2. end of Chaldaeans/Mesopotamian independence